Often, the persecution of predators like jaguars (Panthera onca) is blamed – at least in part – on livestock depredation: jaguars kill cattle, and hence people kill jaguars. But what happens when there are no cattle? In areas where human communities do not rely on livestock for their livelihoods, would they be more tolerant of jaguars? That is the question that Jillian Knox and her co-authors set out to answer.